The English language version, with lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer and additional material by James Fenton, was substantially expanded and reworked from a literal translation by Siobhan Bracke of the original Paris version, in particular adding a prologue to tell Jean Valjean's back story.
Kretzmer's work is not a direct "translation" of the French, a term that Kretzmer refuses to use. A third of the English lyrics were a rough translation, another third were adapted from the French lyrics and the final third consisted of new material. The first production in English, produced by Cameron Mackintosh and adapted and directed by Trevor Nunn and John Caird, opened on 8 October five years after the original production at the Barbican Arts Centre, London.
Musical supervision and orchestrations were by John Cameron, who had been involved with the show since Claude-Michel and Alain hired him to orchestrate the original French concept album. Musical staging was by Kate Flatt with musical direction by Martin Koch. On December 4, , the show transferred to the Palace Theatre, London and moved again on April 3, , to a much more intimate Queen's Theatre, with some revisions of staging, where it is played until July 13, It celebrated its ten-thousandth performance on 5 January As of October 8,, the show has been running for 33 years.
The drummer from the original cast album, Peter Boita, is still with the show — the only musician still associated with the show that was there from the beginning. Colm Wilkinson and Frances Ruffelle reprised their roles from the London production. The show underwent further tightening of plot, and an improved sewer lighting effect was incorporated into the staging. The lyrics in Javert's "Stars" have been changed. It now ends with the line, "This I swear by the stars!
Other more minor lyrical and musical changes were made throughout the musical. Michael Hinton was the original drummer and credited on the cast album. The musical ran at the Broadway Theatre through October 10, , when it moved to the Imperial Theatre.
It was scheduled to close on March 15, , but the closing was postponed by a surge in public interest. After 6, performances in sixteen years, when it closed on May 18, , it was the second-longest-running Broadway musical after Cats. More recently, its position has fallen to the third-longest-running Broadway musical after The Phantom of the Opera ascended initially to the second and, in , to the number one spot.
It was subsequently announced that the show would have an open-ended run rather than a set closing date. Using the set, costumes, performers, and other resources from the recently closed third U. Minor changes included a new costume for Cosette, the use of colourful projections blended into its existing lighting design, and a proscenium that extended out into the first two boxes on either side of the stage.
Some cuts previously made to the show during its original Broadway run were restored, new lyrics were penned for Gavroche's death scene known in the revival as "Ten Little Bullets" , and much of the show was re-orchestrated by Christopher Janke, introducing a snare and timpani heavy sound played by a 14 member band, a reduction of about 10 musicians from the original score's requirement of 23— Fantine was played by Lea Salonga beginning on March 2, Ann Harada replaced Jenny Galloway as Mme.
Later that year, the show went temporarily dark because of the Broadway stagehands' strike. The revival closed on January 6, The musical has also been performed in concert at Cardiff Castle and several venues in southern England, produced by Earl Carpenter Concerts. In , a one-night concert performance was performed at the Toronto Skydome, and the largest concert production attracted an audience of approximately , as part of the Australia day celebrations in Sydney's Domain Park.
The Scandinavian concert tour, produced by Cameron Mackintosh in association with Noble Art, starred Danish musical icon Stig Rossen in the leading role and commemorated author Victor Hugo's th birthday. Venues on the tour included the Stockholm Globen, Oslo Spektrum, the Helsinki Hartwell Areena, and the Gothenburg Scandinavium, with audiences totalling over , for the complete tour.
In September , it was performed at the St John Loveridge Hall in Guernsey with a cast of West End performers—the first time that it had been professionally performed on the Island where Victor Hugo wrote the novel. The show had three national touring productions in the U. While the touring production and the New York production were running simultaneously, the staff, cast members, crew, and musicians of the two productions interchanged often, which contributed to keeping both companies of the show in form.
When the New York production closed in , the Third National Tour continued for another three years, and enjoyed the influx of many members from the original and subsequent New York companies. She sings about a castle where she does not have to sweep floors and a lady all in white looks after her.
Cosette is walking alone in the woods with a bucket of water. Valjean arrives and Cosette sees him. Valjean tells her to not be afraid. He asks for her name and Cosette tells him. He takes the bucket for her and walks her back to the inn. Much of the number is often cut from recordings. The latter part of "The Waltz of Treachery" is largely instrumental. It flows directly into "Look Down". The song "explains what happens when Valjean takes Cosette from the inn and looks after her".
The song comes after "Stars" in the Original London Recording and the film. The young adults Eponine, Marius, and Cosette are introduced though Cosette's part in the scene is silent. Marius and Cosette bump into each other and fall in love at first sight. It is among the better-known songs from the musical. This tune appears throughout the show. The song consists of many different changing parts.
The song involves a tag, in which Gavroche enters and announces to the students that General Lamarque is dead; Enjolras then sings a solo about how this is a sign for the beginning of the revolution, transitioning directly into "Do You Hear the People Sing? A stirring anthem, it is sung twice: once towards the end of the first act, and once at the end of the musical's Finale. Instrumentally, the theme is also prominent in the battle scenes. In the movie, it is performed after "One Day More".
The second is best known and is played in all recordings while the third is again more important for plot than music. It is one of the lesser-known songs of the musical, yet serves as an important plot point. Interestingly, the large majority of this song's music is not heard anywhere else in the musical.
It is the finale to Act 1. The song borrows themes from several songs from the first act. Other uses The song was used by Bill Clinton in his successful campaign for the presidency of the United States. It is often cut out of recordings in part or completely. The refrain of the song is the same tune as that of "Fantine's Death Come to Me " , although it adds a bridge and the tune of the verses are different. It is also the first of the two times that a National Guardsmen sings a warning to the revolutionaries.
This original version was related to Gavroche being able to be useful even though small, rather than the uncovering of Javert. For later versions of the musical, the song was halved to its current length. Gavroche's gleeful uncovering of Javert is sung to an entirely different melody, already used in the Original French Version and is much shorter, before leading to the musical bit that was left in.
Marius's reaction to her death in the musical is quite different from that in the novel. The title lyric is often misinterpreted; she thinks she is wet because of rain, but Marius sees it's blood from her wound s that's "everywhere".
In the film, this song following Eponine's death is omitted and replaced with a non-vocal musical interlude. Depending on the definition of the song, it includes the scene in which Valjean sets Javert free. Julien Combey. Marie Zamora.
Marie-France Roussel. Laurent Gendron. Alexis Tomassian. Ladies and Clients L'arrestation de Fantine Fantine, Bamatabois, Javert and Valjean L'emballement panier Valjean La mort de Fantine Fantine and Valjean La confrontation Gavroche and Ensemble Le vol Enjolras and Students Rue Plumet: Dans ma vie Marius, Cosette and Eponine Le casse de la rue Plumet
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